Tag Archives: specificity

Back in 2019 I shared how the CSS :is() selector will simplify things when writing CSS. What I didn’t know back then, and only have learnt quite recently, are these three important facts about CSS :is():

1. The selector list of :is() is forgiving
2. The specificity of :is() is that of its most specific argument
3. :is() does not work with pseudo-element selectors (for now)

Let’s take look at what that means.

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# 1. The selector list of :is() is forgiving

What if you include a selector that’s pure gibberish inside :is()? Will the rule-set be declared invalid or what?

p:is(.foo, #bar, $css:rocks) {
  color: hotpink;
}

Thankfully :is() is very forgiving here: the $css:rocks part — which in itself is an invalid CSS selector — will simply be ignored, while keeping the rest of the selector list in place.. So using the snippet above, both p.foo and p#bar will be colored hotpink. Yay!

Should you try this without :is(), the whole rule-set would become invalid. In the snippet below, none of the paragraphs will be hotpink due to that faulty $css:rocks selector invalidating the whole selector list.

p {
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

p.foo, p#bar, p$css:rocks { /* ❌ This whole rule-set is declared invalid */
  color: hotpink;
}

Note that the paragraphs will have font-family: sans-serif applied, as it’s only the invalid rule-set that ends up being ignored.

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# 2. The specificity of :is() is that of its most specific argument

Take the code below. What color will p.foo have?

p:is(.foo, #bar, $this:invalid) {
  color: hotpink;
}

p.foo {
  color: lime;
}

I won’t be lime but hotpink! This because when calculating the specificity, the specificity of the :is() pseudo-class is replaced by the specificity of its most specific argument.

• p.foo has a specificity of (0,1,1)
• p:is(.foo, #bar) has a specificity of (1,0,1)

As p:is(.foo, #bar) has a higher specificity, it will “win” here.

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# 3. :is() does not work with pseudo-element selectors (for now)

If you read up on the definition of :is() you’ll read that it accepts a “Selector List” which is a comma-separated list of simple, compound, or complex selectors.

When looking up simple selectors, there’s an interesting thing to note:

A type selector, universal selector, attribute selector, class selector, ID selector, or pseudo-class is a simple selector.

Do you see it? Here: pseudo-element selectors are not included in this list. As a result, :is() does not play nice with pseudo-element selectors such as ::before, ::after, ….

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Knowing these three facts about :is() will surely help you understand it better and make using it more fun!

See the Pen
The CSS :is() pseudo-class. What color will .foo have? by Bramus (@bramus)
on CodePen.

If you understood well, the Pen above should hold no secrets to you anymore 🙂

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